Vegetarian Nutrition (VN) DPG Public Library

Amir et al.
Journal: American Journal Kidney Disease
Published: December 14, 2023

Key Points

• Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of plant-based diets with the risks of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and all-cause mortality in individuals with CKD. 

• Study Design: This was a prospective cohort study including 2,539 participants aged 21 to 74 years with mild-to-moderate CKD. Participants attended annual in-person visits and completed a telephone interview every 6 months. Also, dietary intakes were self-reported using the National Cancer Institute’s Diet History Questionnaire.

• Diet Quality: Healthy plant foods included whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, and tea/ coffee. Unhealthy plant foods included fruit juices, sugar-sweetened beverages, refined grains, potatoes, and sweets and desserts. Animal foods included animal fats, dairy, eggs, fish/seafood, meat (poultry and red meat), and miscellaneous animal foods.

• Results: A 10-point higher score for the unhealthy plant-based diet index was associated with a 14% higher risk of CKD progression (HR, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.03-1.25) and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.00-1.23). During a median follow-up of 12 years the mortality rate was lowest for those with the highest adherence to the overall plant-based diet index (HR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.62-0.88], P trend < 0.001).

• Limitations: Diets were self-reported which is subject to measurement error.

Conclusion

Patients with CKD can reduce CKD progression and all-cause mortality risk by adhering to a whole food, plant-based diet. They should avoid unhealthy plant foods such as those high in saturated fats and refined grains.